Organizing your Development Directory
As an engineer, I like to think that I help fix problems. That's what I've tried to do most of my life and career and I love doing so to this day. It struck me, though, that there was one problem which has followed me around for years without due attention: the state of my development directories.
That's not to say that they are disorganized, I've spent hours deliberating over the best way to arrange them such that I can always find what I need, yet I often end up having to resort to some dark incantation involving find to locate the project I was certain sat under my Work folder.
No more, I've drawn the line and decided that if I can't fix the problem, automation damn well better be able to!
I'd like to introduce you to my new, standardized (and automated), development directory structure and the tooling I use to maintain it. With any luck, you'll find it useful and it will enable you to save time, avoid code duplication and more easily transition between machines.
Background
I've been writing code and building systems for well over a decade at this stage and have studiously hung onto every piece of code I've ever written (that wasn't covered by an IP clause in a contract). That has left me with multiple millions of lines of code, hundreds of projects and a directory structure roughly resembling the well groomed beard of our lord and saviour C'thulu. That is to say, it scared small children and required so shortage of black magic to comprehend.
With each new job I've started, I've trialed different ways of organizing my dev directory and some have been more successful than others. I'm sure some of these will sound familiar to those of you who have walked a similar road, while some may cause you to grimace and flinch. You may want to put down your coffee, fair warning...
Unorganized
Oh sure, we've all been there, a single folder holding every single one of our projects. It works out great at first but 2 years in and it looks like a child's bedroom after the hand-painting party with open candy-bar.
- dev
- farmtrack-ui
- farmtrack-api
- farmtrack-server
- fieldsense-app
- libfieldsense
This structure basically exemplified the problem of trying to find things. Naming becomes extremely important if for no reason other than to find related projects, grouping is almost impossible, finding a project whose name you forgot becomes an exercise in patience and perhaps its only redeeming quality is that it doesn't (strictly) require you to learn how to use find. I'd notch this experiment down as a "Junior Wizard's First Foray into Filesystems".
Organized by Project
Perhaps my first layout, this involved sorting my dev directory by the overarching "business" project that the code formed a part of. This stemmed from my time in academia where organizing artifacts and resources by the module it related to worked quite well.
- dev
- farmtrack
- farmtrack-ui
- farmtrack-api
- farmtrack-server
- fieldsense
- fieldsense-app
- libfieldsense
- farmtrack
On the face of it, this looks like a pretty reasonable approach and indeed, it does work. In fact, for people who do not heavily invest in source control or who are extremely project-centric, this does offer a very nice way to quickly find everything related to a single project.
My problem came in the moment I wanted to start sharing code between projects... Do I have a copy of the code in the folder for each project and manually keep them in sync, or do I have a separate project for the library now? All of this led to inconsistencies and the aforementioned trouble finding the project I was actually looking for.
Back to the drawing board...
Organized by Language
Try not to laugh at this one, but at one stage this actually made sense. As someone who has worked with a rather large number of languages, this made for a nice way to mentally "hook" the code I had written to where it would be located on my filesystem.
- dev
- apiblueprint
- farmtrack-api
- cpp
- fieldsense-app
- libfieldsense
- csharp
- antennaportal
- go
- sentry-go
- typescript
- farmtrack-ui
- farmtrack-server
- apiblueprint
Again, for a definition of "worked" this was pretty good. By keeping projects with shared languages in the same directory tree I could avoid duplicating folders for shared libraries in most cases and it was often easy to find a specific project I was looking for.
Unfortunately I have a habit of rewriting projects onto better frameworks and platforms as a means of educating myself on their intricacies. This meant that one branch of a repository may be in one language while another branch may be in another. Pair this with my rapid prototyping approach in which "fast" languages are used for an MVP and more mature platforms are exercised once I move to production and this whole system starts to fall apart.
Organized by Company
My next plan was to split things up by "company" - have all code which fell under a certain intellectual property domain housed within a single root directory.
- dev
- EMSS
- farmtrack-api
- farmtrack-ui
- farmtrack-server
- SierraSoftworks
- iridium
- sentry-go
- Personal
- cv
- EMSS
Since code doesn't naturally transition from one IP domain to another in most cases, this avoided a number of the headaches I had encountered with the other layouts. This was probably the closest to a "perfect" I managed to find before switching to my current layout and, in fact, automating it was the catalyst for the way I organize things today.
My Current Solution
Based on the idea of having projects separated by organizational boundaries and optimizing the structure to better support automation, my current layout looks similar to the way Go manages your $GOPATH/src directory.
- dev
- github.com
- spartan563
- cv
- sierrasoftworks
- bender
- blog
- git-tool
- iridium
- spartan563
- github.com
The beauty of this layout is, primarily, consistency. Projects land in the same directories on every system you work with, they can easily be mapped to their project web pages, can easily have their directory names derived, are easy to locate (or, at least, as easy as your GitHub is to navigate) and avoid the issue of duplication by having a unique ID form their path.
This layout is also one that is instantly familiar to anybody who has used Go and is one that has been proven to be easily parsable by automation tools. This enabled me to build Git-Tool, a set of PowerShell commands which automate the management of this directory structure.
Introducing Git-Tool
Git-Tool is a PowerShell module I've developed to assist with managing this particular repo structure. It provides commands for creating new repositories, fetching existing ones and quickly opening local copies by introducing native tab-completion.
For example, getting the latest version of a repo could be done with Get-Repo sierrasoftworks/git-tool, while a new repo might be created by running New-Repo spartan563/iot-test. Finally, when opening a shell, I need only type Open-Repo sierrasoftworks/git-tool to have my shell's working directory changed to the location of that repo on my machine. Clean, simple, consistent and predictable; regardless of which machine I'm on.
Git-Tool also supports services other than GitHub, including GitLab, BitBucket and Azure DevOps.
warning
GitTool has been substantially updated since this post was written, it is now based on Rust and supports a much broader set of shells and environments. Take a look at the GitHub page for up to date instructions on installing and using Git-Tool.
Installing Git-Tool
Git-Tool is available in the PowerShell Gallery and can be installed using Install-Module Git-Tool from any administrative PowerShell prompt.
You'll then want to configure your $PROFILE to ensure that Git-Tool is imported when your shell starts and configured with the correct dev directory automatically. You can do this by opening up Notepad (or your favourite editor) and pointing it at the $PROFILE.CurrentUserAllHosts configuration file.
:::: code-group ::: code-group-item Installing
Install-Module Git-Tool
notepad.exe $PROFILE.CurrentUserAllHosts
:::
::: code-group-item Profile
```powershell
# notepad.exe $PROFILE.CurrentUserAllHosts
Import-Module Git-Tool
$GitTool.Directory = "C:\dev"
::: ::::
Creating a new repo
The process to create a new repo is incredibly straightforward, you simply need to call the New-Repo command with the full name of the repo you wish to create.
:::: code-group ::: code-group-item Azure DevOps
New-Repo -Service dev.azure.com sierrasoftworks/opensource/bender
<# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Creating https://dev.azure.com/sierrasoftworks/opensource/_git/bender
- Git URL: git@ssh.dev.azure.com:v3/sierrasoftworks/opensource/bender
- Target: C:\dev\dev.azure.com\sierrasoftworks\opensource\bender
Running git init
Running git remote add origin
Adding .gitignore file
Name Value
---- -----
Service dev.azure.com
Exists False
Namespace sierrasoftworks/opensource
Name bender
Repo sierrasoftworks/opensource/bender
Path C:\dev\dev.azure.com\sierrasoftworks\opensource\bender
GitURL git@ssh.dev.azure.com:v3/sierrasoftworks/opensource/bender
WebURL https://dev.azure.com/sierrasoftworks/opensource/_git/bender
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>
:::
::: code-group-item GitHub
New-Repo sierrasoftworks/git-tool -Open -GitIgnore csharp
<# -----------------------------------------------------------
Creating https://github.com/SierraSoftworks/demo
- Git URL: git@github.com:SierraSoftworks/demo.git
- Target: C:\dev\github.com\SierraSoftworks\demo
Running git init
Running git remote add origin
Adding .gitignore file
Name Value
---- -----
Service github.com
Exists False
Namespace SierraSoftworks
Name demo
Repo SierraSoftworks/demo
Path C:\dev\github.com\SierraSoftworks\demo
GitURL git@github.com:SierraSoftworks/demo.git
WebURL https://github.com/SierraSoftworks/demo
----------------------------------------------------------- #>
::: ::::
Fetching an existing repo
Similarly, when you wish to fetch an existing repo, you simply call the Get-Repo command with the full name of the repo. If you've got it locally already, tab completion will help you fill in the name, otherwise it'll probably get you close by suggesting other similar names to modify.
Of course, if you wish to also open up the repo once it has been fetched, you can pass the -Open flag.
:::: code-group ::: code-group-item Azure DevOps
Get-Repo -Service dev.azure.com sierrasoftworks/opensource/bender
<# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Synchronizing https://dev.azure.com/sierrasoftworks/opensource/_git/bender
- Git URL: git@ssh.dev.azure.com:v3/sierrasoftworks/opensource/bender
- Target: C:\dev\dev.azure.com\sierrasoftworks\opensource\bender
Running git pull
Already up to date.
Name Value
---- -----
Service dev.azure.com
Exists False
Namespace sierrasoftworks/opensource
Name bender
Repo sierrasoftworks/opensource/bender
Path C:\dev\dev.azure.com\sierrasoftworks\opensource\bender
GitURL git@ssh.dev.azure.com:v3/sierrasoftworks/opensource/bender
WebURL https://dev.azure.com/sierrasoftworks/opensource/_git/bender
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>
::: ::: code-group-item GitHub
Get-Repo sierrasoftworks/git-tool -Open
<# -----------------------------------------------------------
Synchronizing https://github.com/SierraSoftworks/git-tool
- Git URL: git@github.com:SierraSoftworks/git-tool.git
- Target: C:\dev\github.com\SierraSoftworks\git-tool
Running git pull
Already up to date.
Name Value
---- -----
Service github.com
Exists True
Namespace SierraSoftworks
Name git-tool
Repo SierraSoftworks/git-tool
Path C:\dev\github.com\SierraSoftworks\git-tool
GitURL git@github.com:SierraSoftworks/git-tool.git
WebURL https://github.com/SierraSoftworks/git-tool
----------------------------------------------------------- #>
::: ::::
Opening a local repo
Finally, when you want to open a repo which you have cloned or created, you'll simply
:::: code-group ::: code-group-item Azure DevOps
Open-Repo -Service dev.azure.com sierrasoftworks/opensource/bender
<# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Value
---- -----
Service dev.azure.com
Exists False
Namespace sierrasoftworks/opensource
Name bender
Repo sierrasoftworks/opensource/bender
Path C:\dev\dev.azure.com\sierrasoftworks\opensource\bender
GitURL git@ssh.dev.azure.com:v3/sierrasoftworks/opensource/bender
WebURL https://dev.azure.com/sierrasoftworks/opensource/_git/bender
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>
:::
::: code-group-item GitHub
Open-Repo sierrasoftworks/git-tool
<# -----------------------------------------------------------
Name Value
---- -----
Service github.com
Exists True
Namespace SierraSoftworks
Name git-tool
Repo SierraSoftworks/git-tool
Path C:\dev\github.com\SierraSoftworks\git-tool
GitURL git@github.com:SierraSoftworks/git-tool.git
WebURL https://github.com/SierraSoftworks/git-tool
----------------------------------------------------------- #>
::: ::::
Everything else
There are, of course, more commands included in Git-Tool, things like Get-GitIgnore which pulls down a .gitignore template from https://gitignore.io for you, or Get-RepoInfo which allows you to quickly get details like the web address, Git URL and more for a given repo.
In the future I'm sure I'll extend Git-Tool even further to support use cases like Gists, organized scratch folders and more. If you've got ideas for features you'd like to see or improvements which can be made - I'd love to hear them.
Benjamin Pannell
Site Reliability Engineer, Microsoft
Dublin, Ireland